Executive Summary
CVE-2022-24682 is a Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability affecting the Calendar feature in Zimbra Collaboration Suite versions 8.8.x before 8.8.15 patch 30 (update 1). This vulnerability allows an attacker to inject arbitrary JavaScript into the calendar, which can then be executed in the context of the user's session. This vulnerability has been actively exploited in the wild since December 2021, primarily targeting Zimbra Collaboration Suite users. The exploitation involves injecting malicious JavaScript into the calendar feature, which can then be used to steal sensitive information such as email contents and attachments.
Technical Information
CVE-2022-24682 is a Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability that affects the Calendar feature in Zimbra Collaboration Suite versions 8.8.x before 8.8.15 patch 30 (update 1). The vulnerability allows an attacker to place HTML containing executable JavaScript inside element attributes. This markup becomes unescaped, causing arbitrary markup to be injected into the document. The CVSS v3.1 Base Score for this vulnerability is 6.1 (Medium), with a vector of CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N. The CWE associated with this vulnerability is CWE-116 (Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output).
The vulnerability arises from improper handling of HTML content in the Calendar feature of Zimbra Collaboration Suite. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by injecting malicious JavaScript into the calendar, which is then executed in the context of the user's session. This can lead to the theft of sensitive information, such as email contents and attachments, and can also be used to perform other malicious actions within the user's session.
The vulnerability has been actively exploited in the wild since December 2021. Attackers have been targeting Zimbra Collaboration Suite users by injecting malicious JavaScript into the calendar feature. This JavaScript can then be used to steal sensitive information, such as email contents and attachments, and can also be used to perform other malicious actions within the user's session.
Exploitation in the Wild
The exploitation of CVE-2022-24682 has been observed in the wild, primarily targeting users of the Zimbra Collaboration Suite. Attackers have been injecting malicious JavaScript into the calendar feature, which is then executed in the context of the user's session. This can lead to the theft of sensitive information, such as email contents and attachments, and can also be used to perform other malicious actions within the user's session. Indicators of Compromise (IOCs) include unusual JavaScript execution in the context of the Zimbra calendar and unauthorized access to email contents and attachments.
APT Groups using this vulnerability
While there is no specific attribution to any Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) group for this vulnerability, the exploitation techniques align with those used by groups targeting email and collaboration platforms. These groups often target sectors such as government, finance, and healthcare, and operate in regions including North America, Europe, and Asia.
Affected Product Versions
The affected product versions are Zimbra Collaboration Suite versions 8.8.x before 8.8.15 patch 30 (update 1). It is crucial for organizations using these versions to apply the necessary updates to mitigate the risk of exploitation.
Workaround and Mitigation
To mitigate the risk of exploitation, organizations should apply the hotfix provided by Zimbra for version 8.8.15 patch 30 (update 1). This update addresses the vulnerability by properly escaping HTML content in the calendar feature. Additionally, organizations should regularly monitor logs and network traffic for signs of exploitation, such as unusual JavaScript execution or unauthorized access to email contents. User education is also important; educating users about the risks of XSS attacks and encouraging them to report any suspicious activity can help prevent exploitation.
References
For more information on CVE-2022-24682, please refer to the following resources:
NVD: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-24682
Zimbra Blog: https://blog.zimbra.com/2022/02/hotfix-available-5-feb-for-zero-day-exploit-vulnerability-in-zimbra-8-8-15/
Volexity: https://www.volexity.com/blog/2022/02/03/operation-emailthief-active-exploitation-of-zero-day-xss-vulnerability-in-zimbra/
CISA: https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog
CISA Advisory: https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa22-228a
Rapid7: https://www.rapid7.com/db/vulnerabilities/zimbra-collaboration-cve-2022-24682/
Rescana is here for you
At Rescana, we are committed to helping our customers stay secure. Our Continuous Threat and Exposure Management (CTEM) platform provides comprehensive monitoring and analysis to help you identify and mitigate vulnerabilities like CVE-2022-24682. If you have any questions about this report or any other issue, please do not hesitate to contact us at ops@rescana.com.
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