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Executive Summary
CVE-2021-1789 is a critical type confusion vulnerability that affects a broad spectrum of Apple products, including macOS Big Sur, Catalina, Mojave, tvOS, watchOS, iOS, iPadOS, and Safari. This vulnerability allows for arbitrary code execution when processing maliciously crafted web content. Given its exploitation in the wild, particularly through WebKit, the browser engine used by Safari, it is imperative for organizations and individuals to apply the necessary security updates to mitigate the associated risks.
Technical Information
CVE-2021-1789 is a type confusion vulnerability that was addressed with improved state handling. Type confusion vulnerabilities occur when a program allocates or initializes a resource using one type but accesses it using another type, leading to undefined behavior and potentially allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary code. This vulnerability affects multiple Apple products, including macOS Big Sur 11.2, Security Update 2021-001 Catalina, Security Update 2021-001 Mojave, tvOS 14.4, watchOS 7.3, iOS 14.4, iPadOS 14.4, and Safari 14.0.3.
The vulnerability arises from a type confusion issue that was addressed with improved state handling. When processing maliciously crafted web content, the vulnerability can be exploited to execute arbitrary code. This makes it a significant threat, especially given the widespread use of the affected Apple products.
The vulnerability has been exploited in the wild, particularly in the context of WebKit, the browser engine used by Safari. Exploitation involves processing maliciously crafted web content, which can lead to arbitrary code execution. This has been observed in various attack campaigns, highlighting the importance of addressing this vulnerability promptly.
Exploitation in the Wild
CVE-2021-1789 has been actively exploited in the wild, particularly through WebKit. Attackers have been observed using maliciously crafted web content to exploit this vulnerability, leading to arbitrary code execution. Indicators of Compromise (IOCs) include unusual network traffic and system logs that may indicate exploitation attempts. Specific usage of this vulnerability has been documented in various attack campaigns, emphasizing the need for vigilance and prompt action.
APT Groups using this vulnerability
While specific APT groups exploiting this vulnerability have not been publicly disclosed, the nature of the vulnerability makes it a potential target for groups specializing in browser-based exploits. The sectors and countries targeted by these APT groups are not explicitly mentioned, but the widespread use of the affected Apple products suggests that a broad range of sectors and regions could be at risk.
Affected Product Versions
The following Apple products and versions are affected by CVE-2021-1789: - macOS Big Sur 11.2 - Security Update 2021-001 Catalina - Security Update 2021-001 Mojave - tvOS 14.4 - watchOS 7.3 - iOS 14.4 - iPadOS 14.4 - Safari 14.0.3
Workaround and Mitigation
To mitigate the risks associated with CVE-2021-1789, it is crucial to update all affected Apple products to the latest versions that include the security patches for this vulnerability. The following updates should be applied: - macOS Big Sur 11.2 - Security Update 2021-001 Catalina - Security Update 2021-001 Mojave - tvOS 14.4 - watchOS 7.3 - iOS 14.4 - iPadOS 14.4 - Safari 14.0.3
Additionally, organizations should monitor for Indicators of Compromise (IOCs) by regularly checking network traffic and system logs for unusual activity that may indicate exploitation attempts. Implementing robust security measures and staying informed about the latest threats can help mitigate the risks associated with this vulnerability.
References
For further details on CVE-2021-1789, please refer to the following resources: - MITRE CVE-2021-1789 https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-1789 - National Vulnerability Database (NVD) https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-1789 - Apple Security Updates https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212146 - Fedora Package Announcements https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/JN6ZOD62CTO54CHTMJTHVEF6R2Y532TJ/ - Gentoo Security Advisory https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202104-03 - StarLabs Blog on Exploiting WebKit https://starlabs.sg/blog/2022/08-exploiting-webkit-jspropertynameenumerator-out-of-bounds-read-cve-2021-1789/ - Google Threat Analysis Group https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/analyzing-watering-hole-campaign-using-macos-exploits/ - CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog
Rescana is here for you
At Rescana, we are committed to helping our customers navigate the complex landscape of cybersecurity threats. Our Continuous Threat and Exposure Management (CTEM) platform is designed to provide comprehensive protection against vulnerabilities like CVE-2021-1789. By leveraging our advanced threat intelligence and monitoring capabilities, we help organizations stay ahead of potential threats and ensure their systems remain secure. If you have any questions about this report or any other issue, please do not hesitate to contact us at ops@rescana.com.
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